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The Treason Trial was a trial in which 156 people, including Nelson Mandela, were arrested in a raid and accused of treason in South Africa in 1956. The main trial lasted until 1961, when all of the defendants were found not guilty. During the trials, Oliver Tambo left the country and was exiled. Whilst in other European and African countries he started an organisation which helped bring publicity to the African National Congress's cause in South Africa. Some of the defendants were later convicted in the Rivonia Trial in 1964. Chief Luthuli has said of the Treason Trial: : The treason trial must occupy a special place in South African history. That grim pre-dawn raid, deliberately calculated to strike terror into hesitant minds and impress upon the entire nation the determination of the governing clique to stifle all opposition, made one hundred and fifty-six of us, belonging to all the races of our land, into a group of accused facing one of the most serious charges in any legal system. == Defendants == In December 1956 many key members of the Congress Alliance were arrested and charged with treason, including almost the entire executive committee of the ANC, as well as the SACP, the SAIC, and the COD. 105 Africans, 21 Indians, 23 whites and 7 coloured leaders were arrested. Ten were women. Many arrestees, including Nelson Mandela, were detained in communal cells in Johannesburg Prison, known as the Fort, resulting in what Mandela described as "the largest and longest unbanned meeting of the Congress Alliance in years." However, white men, white women, and black people were all held in a separate parts of the jail. Initially, 156 defendants were charged with high treason. The number of defendants was later reduced to 92. In November 1957, the prosecution reworded the indictment and proceeded a separate trial against 30 accused. Their trial commenced in August 1959. The remaining 61 accused were tried separately before the case against them was dismissed in mid 1960. Treason trial defendants (during various stages of the trial) included: * Nelson Mandela, ANC (one of the final 30 defendants) * Ahmed Kathrada, accused number three, secretary-general of the Transvaal Indian Youth Congress (one of the final 30 defendants) * Walter Sisulu, ANC (one of the final 30 defendants) * Stanley Lollan, accused number four, SACPC (one of the final 30 defendants) * Leon Levy (one of the final 30 defendants) * Helen Joseph, white trade unionist and women's leader (one of the final 30 defendants) * Lillian Ngoyi (one of the final 30 defendants) * Joe Slovo, SACP lawyer (one of the final 30 defendants) * Duma Nokwe (one of the final 30 defendants) * Bertha Mashaba Gxowa (one of the final 30 defendants) * Ida Flyo Mntwana, first national president of the Federation of South African Women, died March 1960 before verdict (one of the final 30 defendants) * Farid Adams (one of the final 30 defendants) * Elias Moretsele, ANC leader, died a few weeks before the trial ended (one of the final 30 defendants) * Chief Luthuli, known as Chief Luthuli, then-president of the ANC, later released for lack of evidence. * Alex La Guma, journalist and writer * Archie Gumede, now leader of the United Democratic Front. * Ben Turok, academic, was a member of the South African Parliament, retired c 2014 * Monty Naicker, the Gandhian leader of the Natal Indian Congress * Ruth First, SACP, journalist and wife of Slovo * Billy Nair, trade unionist in Natal * Lionel Forman, lawyer and journalist (indictment withdrawn), died in 1959. * Lionel Bernstein, known as Rusty, Congress of the People and Congress of Democrats * Moosa Moolla, now ANC representative in India. * Moses Kotane, ANC delegate to the Asian-African Conference in Bandung * George Peake * Nimrod Sejake * Vuyisile Mini, Trade Union leader and musician * Yusuf Dadoo, leader of the South African Indian Congress * Z. K. Mathews, academic * Oliver Tambo, released for lack of evidence, goes into exile to co-ordinate the ANC from abroad. * Wilton Mkwayi, went into hiding during the 1960 State of Emergency while the other defendants were detained, later arrested and tried during the Rivonia Trial. * Reggie September * Piet Beyleveld * M.B. Yengwa, Natal ANC * Peter Nthite, ANC youth league * Patrick Molaoa, ANC youth league * Debi Singh, SAIC * Arthur Letele * Rev. James Calata * Fish Keitseng * Motsamai Mpho Lawyers for the defence included: * Israel Maisels, known as Issy Maisels, led the defence team * Harold Hanson * Sydney Kentridge * Vernon Berrangé * G. Nicholas * Rex Welsh * Ruth Hayman * Bram Fischer * Norman Rosenberg * Maurice Franks * Joe Slovo conducted his own defence * Nelson Mandela and Duma Nokwe conducted the defence during the state of the emergency after the Sharpeville Massacre, when the trialists instructed their defence lawyers to temporarily withdraw from the case 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「1956 Treason Trial」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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